Bookstores refer to retail establishments that primarily sell books, including new and used books, as well as magazines, stationery items, and sometimes other products related to reading or writing. These shops can be independent or part of a chain, and they often carry a wide selection of titles in various genres, such as fiction, non-fiction, children's literature, academic texts, etc., depending on their target audience and inventory management. Bookstores may also offer services like book signings, author events, reading groups or literary workshops to promote literacy and engage with the community.